Thailand’s Deputy Prime Minister and Commerce Minister Jurin Laksanawisit is scheduled to attend a ministerial conference on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) in Beijing later this week, in a bid to form the world’s biggest trade bloc.
Mr. Jurin will be resuming trade talks, including RCEP and Thailand’s free trade agreement with the European Union, which were suspended during the period of military government in Thailand.
During the ASEAN summit earlier this year in Bangkok, the Thai government, as the ASEAN chair, pushed RCEP members to agree to conclude RCEP talks by the end of this year.
RCEP is a proposed free trade agreement between the 10 ASEAN members and the six Asia-Pacific countries with which ASEAN has free trade agreements, namely Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea and New Zealand.
Once agreed, RCEP will create a massive economic bloc representing 32.3% of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP). The combined population of RCEP member countries totals 3.589 billion or 48% of the global population and the combined trade within the bloc has reached USD11.4 trillion or 31% of global trade.
However, the talks have progressed slowly. The dialogue partners have completed negotiations on only seven of the 20 RCEP chapters.
Members are still unable to reach agreement on contentious issues like rules of origin and details of how members will open their markets to goods, services and investment under the RCEP framework.
In particular, India has demanded strict criteria to determine the rules of origin, fearing an influx of Chinese goods after the RCEP agreement. India already suffers a trade deficit with China to the tune of USD53 billion. The Indian business sector is not convinced that RCEP will create a win-win situation.
For Thailand, the RCEP agreement may not significantly change Thailand’s trade structure because Thailand already has trade agreements with ASEAN and the other six countries, which helped double Thai exports to these countries from 2010 to USD148.5 billion last year.
More than half of Thailand’s exports went to RCEP countries. They included car and parts, chemicals and plastics, refined petroleum, electronics and parts. At present, foreign direct investment (FDI) from the RCEP members in Thailand accounted for over 70% of total FDI.
The Thai government said the formation of RCEP will help cement Thailand’s place in the global supply chain, amid global uncertainties caused by the US trade war with China.
Moreover, as the RCEP market is set to expand with a growing middle class, Thailand will have a better chance to capitalize on the thriving market in the region.
RCEP regained significance after the Trade-Pacific Partnership trade talks, another free trade project in the Pacific, lost steam after the US withdrew.
However, RCEP may also pose a challenge for Thailand if local industries fail to compete on a level-playing field with other RCEP members, especially Vietnam which is emerging as a strong contender to draw foreign direct investment in electronics production.
Additionally, members of Thailand’s civil society have voiced concerns that the benefits from RCEP may only go to big business, while some RCEP chapters may adversely affect those at the grassroots level. For example, the prospective RCEP intellectual property protection chapter may restrain Thai farmers’ ability to utilize plant varieties, endangering efforts to promote bio-diversity.
Moreover, local communities are concerned that the RCEP agreement may provide protection to foreign investors at their expense, in issues such as land ownership. Uncontrolled investment can also cause harmful effects on the environment, such the dumping of industrial waste.
The upcoming RCEP ministerial conference will be held from Aug 2nd to 3rd in Beijing. It will be the first RCEP ministerial conference held in China.
