During a medical emergency, the arrival of rescue workers is usually a beacon of hope. But in Thailand, where first responders are often hailed as "street heroes", a string of harrowing incidents has exposed a darker reality. For the vulnerable – particularly women – the very people arriving to help can sometimes become predators.
This systemic problem was laid bare earlier this month, when Thai-German actress Gulasatree "Christine" Michalsky, 30, filed a police complaint that sent shockwaves through the capital.
Left unable to move but still conscious after a medical emergency in her apartment in Bangkok's Watthana district, Christine was sexually assaulted by a man she believed was there to rescue her.
The suspect, Nikorn Seshorm, was granted access to her room while posing as a first responder. Arriving on the scene, he convinced the condo security guard to go downstairs to usher in the police officers and paramedics.
Once alone, he molested the actress and took photographs of her as she lay immobilised.
In his confession to police, Nikorn – a former rescue volunteer – exposed a gaping flaw in Thailand's rescue operations. Despite having quit the role, he remained a member of an emergency Line group used by rescue teams.
By monitoring messages, he was able to intercept the call and arrive at Christine's home before the official responders in the early hours of March 31.
"I have spoken out, so no other woman faces the same fate," Christine told reporters.
Preying on the vulnerable
While rare, this is not an isolated incident in the history of Thailand's emergency services. In 2014, a female office worker fainted in a Foodland supermarket late one night and was picked up by a private ambulance.
But instead of delivering her to a hospital, the driver disabled the vehicle's GPS, drove to a secluded spot, and sexually attacked her.
Her body was later recovered from a canal. During police interrogation, the ambulance driver claimed she had managed to fight him off and flee, before falling into canal.
Far more common than physical assaults are reports of theft committed by Thailand’s informal rescue workers.
Police regularly receive complaints about missing valuables at accident sites. In a recent case in Chachoengsao, security footage shows two rescuers stealing from a victim. The rescuers were caught but only three of the seven stolen items worth 1.5 million baht were recovered.
Beyond the risk of crime, emergency responders are often part of a "bounty" culture that puts lives at risk.
There have been numerous reports of volunteers bypassing the nearest emergency room to transport patients to distant private hospitals in exchange for kickbacks – a delay that can prove fatal in trauma cases.
Thailand’s shadow force
The scale of the problem within the nation’s informal emergency sector is enormous. Thailand relies on a massive civil defence force comprising more than 600,000 registered volunteers nationwide. While major rescue foundations like Poh Teck Tung maintain strict protocols, they struggle to compete with "freelancers", who buy their own sirens and equipment to operate in a regulatory grey zone.
Panadda Wongphudee, Miss Thailand 2000 and founder of the Goodness Foundation, has become a leading voice advocating for stricter gender-based protocols. She maintains that a "female patient should never be left alone with a male first responder".
When you need rescue services
Pichet Nongchang, secretary-general of the National Institute for Emergency Medicine (NIEM), insists that the agency operates with solid regulations, but he cautions that safety begins with the initial call.
He advised the public to always call the 1669 hotline in medical emergencies, to ensure that only registered and tracked vehicles are dispatched. Experts also urge patients or their families and friends to verify rescue vehicles by checking for an official foundation logo and requesting to see the valid ID of all first responders.
Under Thai law, impersonating a rescue worker or using an unauthorised emergency vehicle can result in three months imprisonment and/or a fine of 6,000 baht.
